Wednesday, June 22, 2011

Gender Issues in South Africa

I am now into my third week of working with the FW De Klerk Foundation here in Cape Town, South Africa.  Everyone at the office is incredibly warm and kind, and I have the utmost respect for what the Foundation is trying to do: support the Constitution and its foundation for a new South Africa, and support peace in multicultural societies.  The Foundation accomplishes its mission in various ways such as monitoring socio-political developments that go against constitutional values (i.e. serve as a kind of government watchdog), publishing reports and papers opposing anything that is unconstitutional, helping people to understand and claim their rights through pro-bono legal assistance, etc.

The project I am currently focusing on is trying to understand the discrepancy between the rights of women as laid out in the Constitution and as seen through the near equal representation of women and men in Parliament, versus how women are actually treated "on the ground."  While South Africa boasts equal rights, protection, freedoms, and representation for women in their laws and policies, it also has some of the highest rates of rape and other forms of violence against women in the world.  My job is to better understand why this discrepancy exists, and to provide suggestions on how to improve the situation for women.  There has been a plethora of research and papers written regarding this topic, so part of my challenge is to find the gaps and to add to, expand upon, challenge, or provide a different perspective on what already exists.

I have used the past couple of weeks to familiarize myself with the South Africa's history, people groups, cultures, and current events to get a sort of foothold for my project.  I visit the National Library and my local library often to do research, and last week attended a briefing at Parliament by the Commission for Gender Equality regarding their strategic plans and budget.  The briefing helped to get a better sense of how the government is addressing gender issues, and I was able to connect with a couple of committee members who I will hopefully be able to arrange meetings with.

Below are links to a couple of articles regarding violence against women and/or gender/sexuality issues in South Africa/Africa.

Article in today's NYT re: African women's soccer & homophobia:

Recent incidence of gender-based violence in a Cape Town township:

Article on corrective rape in South Africa:

Tuesday, June 21, 2011

Putting in Work

Today was my first day at my fellowship site. How could I have not mentioned that?

I am placed at the Ministry of Labour, Human Services, and Social Security. It was a short day because many of my future colleagues were in meetings. I was very excited to get to work. I met with many of the individuals I will be working with over the course of the next few months. Everyone was genuinely welcoming and very excited to meet me.

I had the opportunity to discuss the projects I'll be working on. As of now, I'll be consulting on recent policies related to sexual assault; focusing on putting policies into practice. Additionally, I will be preparing trainings and workshops for local college students who are studying social work. How exciting is that?

I was a bit surprised with the appearance of the building. Inside, the floors were made of wood panels. They were painted red, but clearly very faded. The halls were dimly lit. I even caught my finger on a door handle. Thank God for recent tetanus shots. I wasn't sure if I was being a condescending American or the Ministry just needed some repairs. Perhaps the latter?

In social work school we often discussed pre-conceived ideas; "schema". What we expected things to be, appear, and so on. This would be an exercise in what I thought a government building would look like. Clearly, the lesson doesn't stop at graduation.

Adjustments

It's day three here in Guyana. Talk about culture shock. Here are some of the major differences living in Georgetown compared to life in the states.

The Farm Animals
Why did the chicken cross the road? I don't know but there's a cow and a horse right behind the chicken. Ask them. I can't get over the whole animals walking around a major city bit. Stray cats and dogs I've seen, but horses? Cars always yield to them. It's hard enough driving and having to worry about children running into the road, but you've gotta be a pretty sharp driver to dodge a cow that wanders out in front of you.

And speaking of the cars, a few of the vehicles I've been in don't have seat belts in the back seat. What's up with that? Safety first please.

Television
I have tv. How lucky! So television here is a little weird to me. There are Guyanese channels that import shows from the US, Puerto Rico, India, and other countries in South America. The line up is designed by the station. So, for example, a line up may include "True Stories from the ER" of discovery channel, the Tyra show, then Seinfeld. Interesting.

Also, some commercials are in Spanish. Although, it's very much a multilingual country, I haven't heard anyone speak Spanish since I've been here. Not yet I guess.

Buildings
The buildings are colorful. Lot's of wood buildings with island inspired colors.

Water, Water, Everywhere
And not a bit to drink! It's rainy season here. At any point during the day there's a major storm, then sunny ten minutes later.
One piece of advice I received again and again before departure was
DO NOT DRINK THE WATER! I've been buying bottled water to brush my teeth, wash my face, and wash my dishes. Yes, it's definitely an adjustment.

Sunshine
The sun here is harsh. Nothing compared to even the sunniest days I've experienced. I've been trying staying cool with my sombrero and sunscreen 100, however, I got a serious tan just walking to the grocery store, tan lines and all.

Time Zones
There is no time difference between Guyana and EST, however, the radio stations and locals alike usually report the time in military hours.

I'm confident I'll get with it soon. Even the farm animals walking around part. I'm very much taking in the new experiences.

Sunday, June 19, 2011

Learning every day

Hi All. My name is Dionne and I am at the WHO in the Department of Public Health and Research. It has so far been an eye-opening experience on the job and also living in this city. Coming from the Bay Area, I thought I was pretty familiar with the idea of "diversity", but being in Geneva, especially at the WHO has given the word a whole new meaning for me. "Multiculturalism" is one of the WHO's core competencies and it is reflected in the composition of the staff and hundreds of interns. It has been amazing to meet people who have lived, worked and traveled all over the world and hear about their insight on global health.

With that said, the west and the developed countries are well overrepresented on the staff and also among interns. At an intern meeting with the DG last week, an intern asked the DG why currently over 85% were from developed countries and if there has been an effort to diversify. She acknowledged the discrepancy and even admitted that English is dominant in the WHO despite have five official languages. The reasoning is clear why: Geneva is an extremely expensive place to live and work and unfortunately out of reach for many talented students from developing countries. This is an issue that apparently gets talked about every year, but has not really been addressed. In these tough financial times, I predict that it is even lower on the agenda than years past.

Despite this, I have been amazed at how such a large organization such as the WHO is able to keep the true goal at heart. I have had many conversations with staff, in which they advocate for several issues such as the importance of local ownership of tools, culturally appropriate material and focusing on those who are the most underserved.

I have a lot more to learn here and am excited to see what the rest of my time here will bring. Good luck, Fellows! I enjoy reading about your experiences and am learning from you across the world in Switzerland!

Flying Solo

I'm sitting in a room in Pegasus Hotel in Guyana. I can't believe I'm in another country, another continent. Somewhere between my nerves rattling around flying alone, clearing immigration, and getting to the hotel, I'm in pure awe to be here.

I've traveled quite a bit, but never alone. The thought of getting on a plane by myself was just nerve wrecking. But I never let on. When friends asked if I was scared my simple reply was "no". I wasn't nervous to be in another country alone, just the "getting from here to there". I figured it would be all down hill once I landed. My friends & family? Well, they're nervous for me. But that's another whole blog entry.

First thoughts on Guyana ? Well, I landed in the capital city of Georgetown. I expected it to be like all major cities I've landed in. Crowded, busy, bustling with people. Not exactly. The airport wasn't very large; only four lines to clear immigration. I waited for a taxi to the hotel while stray dogs walked around the parking lot. During the forty- five minute drive from the airport to the hotel we passed chickens walking the streets, and cows and horses on the side of the road. If this is "city", what does the country look like? Nope, I'm not in New York any more.

The cab driver was very informative and gave a great tour while I gazed over the city. We passed one of three major rivers (Dematara?), churches, mosques, and temples, street vendors, beggars, children, KFC, outdoor markets, a hospital, PAHO (Pan American Health Organization), and the American consulate.

After a very, VERY, long nap, I ate dinner downstairs. Jerk chicken, french fries, salad, and diet coke. The jerk chicken was so delicious. I'm on a mission to eat some great roti & dal. Mmmm. I'm sure I'll have plenty of time to get some while I'm here.

The proposed agenda is to look at an apartment picked out by my agency tomorrow and hopefully move in. Work begins on Tuesday. Can't wait. Did I mention I'm on another continent? Sunscreen & malaria medication? Check. Let's do this!

Wednesday, June 15, 2011

Gender, Health, and Climate Change at the WHO

Hello Fellows,

My name is Elizabeth, and I've been enjoying reading all your posts. It's interesting to see how despite us all being in different locations and working with different organizations, there seem to be many common themes in our work. I am working with the Climate Change & Health Team at the World Health Organization headquarters in Geneva, so I was particularly excited to see that several of you are working with environmental policy at the country level. I am looking forward to sharing experiences and swapping ideas throughout the summer.

During my first two weeks at WHO, I have met a lot of new people, including a large number of students interning at headquarters for the summer. Of course with these introductions also comes the obligatory questions of "where are you from?" and "what area are you working in?" It's been interesting to see the reactions of other interns when I explain that I am working with the climate change team to better incorporate gender into the health sector's work on climate change. In response, I have gotten a number of blank stares and vague comments like "that sounds interesting." I know what they are really thinking is "gender, health, and climate change-how are those related?"

So in response to these unasked questions, I then go on to explain a bit more about my work by way of example. One of my favorite examples is to discuss how men and women are affected differently by water scarcity caused by changing rainfall patterns and extreme weather events. Since in many countries, women are responsible for fetching water, when wells or streams dry up, this means women must walk farther to reach the nearest water source. This poses a greater physical burden, causing additional stress on the back and bones and possibly spinal injury, and also results in the loss of time that women have for other activities.

I go on further to explain that water scarcity is often linked to an increase in water-borne disease as sanitation and hygiene is neglected in favor of other water use priorities and populations may be forced to rely upon contaminated sources for their water needs. Involving women in the design and implementation of projects to promote appropriate technologies like rainwater harvesting and ecological latrines and in the dissemination of messages concerning hygiene and the prevention of water-borne diseases are examples of strategies the health sector can use to respond to the health effects of climate change.

I've found that usually this explanation helps get rid of the blank stares, and certainly works as a great conversation starter!

Monday, June 13, 2011

From Washington D.C.

Hello everyone,
My name is Swetha and I am writing from Washington D.C this summer while I complete my fellowship at the Ministerial Leadership Initiative (MLI) through the Aspen Institute. MLI is focused on strengthening leadership and governance across 5 countries to support country driven development. The 5 specific countries MLI supports are Sierra Leone, Mali, Ethiopia, Nepal and Senegal.
This week is a hectic one as delegates from all 5 countries will be arriving in DC for the Global Health Council (GHC) and will be leading some of the panel discussions and sessions at the conference. It has been an interesting day and I've had the opportunity of meeting the delegates as they've been arriving. I have also been learning more about MLI activities in their specific countries. MLI provides technical support on health financing, donor harmonization and reproductive health and are showcasing their Call to Action for Country Led- Development on June 14th at the Global Health Conference. But most importantly, MLI and its delegates are promoting country-led development. Their hope this week, is to provide examples of countries taking the lead with public health development and how that has resulted in successful program implementation and donor/partner support.
I look forward to providing a more in-depth coverage of MLI's activities as the summer progresses.
Hope everyone is well!

Articles and Links for Discussion


5 Ways To Earn What You're Worth

International Herald Tribune’s Female Factor-  An easy place to go to get news about women’s issues in one location


Securing Peace in Liberia: A Female Approach to Peacekeeping


Wednesday, June 8, 2011

State of the Nation in Lithuania



Hi, everyone!  I've really enjoyed reading your writings about your placements.  Here is a little more about mine...

Yesterday, President Dalia Grybauskaite delivered the annual State of the Nation address.  I found it interesting that gender was not explicitly mentioned at any point during the speech.  The speech mostly touched on corruption, on the legislative process, on the budget, and on nuclear energy.  There was a short section on civil society: the President spoke of the need for an educational system that will be “sensitive to the needs and abilities of every individual.”  She also discussed a new bill on cultural policy, stating that protecting and maintaining Lithuanian cultural identity is crucial to the nation’s success.  “Let us build a strong civil society that … has real values and a strong spirit to protect them,” she said. “Let us create a homeland that nobody wants to leave.”  This last sentence was a reference to the enormous emigration that has taken place since the collapse of the USSR and especially since Lithuania joined the EU. 

I can see why, in a call for unity, the President would not discuss issues such as gender equality or the status of minorities.  Doing so would expose Lithuania’s social divisions, and her message was a clear one: Lithuania must be united in order to be strong.

This makes sense on a political level, but I think it is an unfortunate omission.  The truth is that these issues – from corruption to employment to emigration – affect women differently than they affect men.  For example, emigration: there are a quarter-million more women than men in Lithuania, because so many men have emigrated while women stay behind.  This has had a profound effect on women, their ability to find partners and start families, and on Lithuanian culture as a whole. 

If you're interested in reading the full text (in English), it can be found here: http://www.president.lt/en/activities/state_of_the_nation_address/2011.html

Sunday, June 5, 2011

Counting Down to Nairobi

Now that the semester has ended and my round of conferences is over, I am counting down to my Environmental Policy Fellowship at the United Nations Environment Programme in Nairobi, Kenya. My current plan is to start my 10 week fellowship at the UNEP in Nairobi on Mon July 25 after I have written the first two chapters of my dissertation. I have looked over the UNEP website and they are doing some really interesting things. The thematic areas that looked most interesting from the UNEP website were:
  • South-South Cooperation, looking at local technology production and transfer within the Global South for environmentally sustainable initiatives
  • Health, Gender & Environment, looking at the connections between health and the environment (this most closely combines my dissertation interests with work at UNEP)
As I anticipate learning more about my work assignment, I have begun thinking about the connections between the work that UNEP is doing and my dissertation research on avoidable blindness. Specifically, I am aware of the following connections:

Water and Sanitation Management & Avoidable Blindness by Infectious Diseases
  • decreases in trachoma (low vision in 80 million people) and trichiasis (blindness in 11 million people; caused by trachoma) through aggressive programs on the African continent
  • decreases in incidence of onchocerciasis (river blindness) on the African continent
Climate Change & Avoidable Blindness by Cataracts and Particulate Matter
  • decreased ozone means increased ultraviolet radiation. High levels of UV radiation have been correlated with increased incidence of cataract disease (17 million people are blind worldwide due to cataract) a disease which predominantly affects low-income women
  • unknown levels of particulate matter caused by the use of wood or coal burning stoves. This indoor air pollution has been implicated in cases of low vision (again predominantly affecting women) among many other diseases.
While I do not yet know what my assignment is I am looking forward to working with interesting people and learning about how an international institution such as the UN operates.

Saturday, June 4, 2011

Sumak Kawsay

Hello again from Becca in Quito, Ecuador! This week has bee quite a whilrwind of activity including getting acquainted with the office, and attending the Quito Climate Change Summit.

Towards the end of this week my project began to take shape. First I will be reviewing their strategic plan for environmental education and second I will be helping them develop one of the other strategic plans that are still in the works (Biodiversity, Pollution Control, Climate Change Adaptation, etc) or delving more deeply into the development of the Educacion Plan.

I have continued to be impressed by the progressive nature of Ecuadorean Policies. This week I read their National Development Plan because it is the nationwide document which proceeds the National Environmental Plan with which I will be working closely. The plan is actually called the National Plan of "Sumak Kawsay" with is a quichua saying that means "good living" or "well being". Basically, they are making a statement that the formal definition of development doesn't always benefit the well being of all citizens. The document takes the time to describe the many failings of neoliberalism "development" activities of the last 40 years which have often not benefited the general population of underdeveloped, "resource-cursed" nations like Ecuador. It then goes on to describe the need for sustainable social, economic and environmental practices that will overall contribute to the Sumak Kawsay of the people. But do not be misled! This isn't some hippie mumbo-jumbo document. For example, the plan embraces one neoliberal philosophy. It pledges to use market mechanisms, when it is possible, sustainable and socially just, to incentivize desired behaviors (like polluting less) in the most economically efficient manner.

Of course all of this is still quite new and still needs much work in order to be implemented. When I express my admiration for these documents to the Ecuadoreans I meet, many express at least some skepticism that these ideas will come to fruition. "Solo palabras", "only words" the most skeptic Ecuadorean I met told me. Nonetheless the groundwork they have laid is astonishing.

Wednesday, June 1, 2011

Hello from Vilnius, Lithuania!



Hello everyone! My name is Sara, and I am a student at Columbia’s School of Social Work.  I’m writing to you from Vilnius, Lithuania, where I am spending the summer working in the Office of the President, Dalia Grybauskaite.  As someone who’s worked almost exclusively for NGOs in the past, working in a diplomatic/political office is a new experience for me, but also an excellent one.  So far my work has been a lot of editing and research, but soon the Office of the President will be hosting a conference on "Women Enhancing Democracy: Best Practices" (which CWWL is co-sponsoring).  Women leaders from around the world are expected to attend, and it's a very exciting time.  More on that as it develops!

Vilnius is a great city – a breath of fresh air from New York.  It’s a rather mellow city, with only half a million residents.  I live in Vilnius’s Old Town (Europe’s largest) and I love the crumbling old homes, the flowers spilling over people’s balconies, the winding lanes and the layers upon layers of history.  In some ways it feels idyllic, but this country is also dealing with a host of domestic issues, ranging from emigration to xenophobia.  I’m learning more about the gradations of Lithuanian society as each day proceeds.

I’ve made a lot of local friends thanks to my friendly co-workers and some personal contacts, and Lithuanians are great company: a certain dark humor but a genuine, warm hospitality.  And the history of this feisty little country is fascinating, as they worked so hard to retain their national character and overcome the repression of the USSR.

That’s all for now!  (As for the picture above – I love photography, but I can't claim credit for this one – but I thought it was a great shot of a typical Vilnius street.)

Hello from Ithaca, NY

Hi everyone! My name is Michaela and I'm a Biological Engineering student at Cornell University. My placement is with the Ministry for the Environment in Iceland, but I won't be going until mid-September. I have already discussed my project with my supervisor, and learned that I will be working with the Environment Agency on management of environmental information. I'm excited for the fellowship and can't wait to get a sneak peek by checking out everyone's blog posts over the summer!